Must Reads

What is a ‘Must Read’ for those interested in medical education?

Each month, we identify 3-4 noteworthy articles from the health professions education literature and label them as “must reads.” Selection is based on several criteria including originality and methodological rigor. Our process includes a formal search of the peer-reviewed literature, screening titles and abstracts, full text review, and an editorial meeting to achieve consensus.

Who are we and why are we doing this?

Our reviewers include individuals with expertise in teaching, educational oversight, and research as well as those who are beginning their careers as educational scholars.

The volume of health professions education articles has become overwhelming. In curating some of the best new published papers, we hope to make it easier for all of us to keep abreast of cutting edge educational scholarship and practices.

We’d welcome involvement in the selection process. Reviewers can earn CME credit and contribute to Must Reads research. If you are interested in supporting this work or have perspectives to share, please email Sean Tackett: stacket1@jhmi.edu.

You can also follow @MedEdMustReads on X (aka Twitter), follow the must reads page on LinkedIn, and/or sign up to receive an email each month if you want to be updated on new must reads selections.

(Current Reviewers: Mohammad Aldalou, Syed Muhammad Ali, Paul Bain, Suni Ebby, Anisha Kshetrapal, Liju Mathew, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari, Ashley Paul, Julianne Perretta, Katherine Senko, Sean Tackett, Scott Wright, Tony Zhu)

Featured This Month

The Gist

• Commentary based on piloting an AI scribe with 48 internal medicine residents.
• Recommends trainees show that they can write clinical notes without AI, receive teaching about AI scribe technology, and use AI documentation to prompt reflection and feedback.

Why This is a Must Read

AI is getting smarter all the time and rapidly moving into clinical practice. This article provides do’s and don’ts to ensure that AI facilitates learning rather than substitutes for it.

The Gist

• Randomized controlled trial of 186 clinical medical students to see if warning that AI can make mistakes would cause students to change their answers on case-based multiple-choice questions.
• The warning did not make a difference, although students did not switch their answers often.

Why This is a Must Read

Students and clinicians are likely to seek advice from AI even when AI may be incorrect. This study provides an example of research that can help us understand the implications of AI in medical education.

The Gist

• Interviews of 29 master clinical teachers from 11 specialties to understand how they developed their teaching skills.
• Keys included motivation to improve, seeking feedback and professional development opportunities, and being responsive to changes in learning needs and contexts.

Why This is a Must Read

Much has been written about what a great teacher is with less attention to how to become one. This article emphasizes that teaching is a learned skill with expertise developed through deliberate practice.

Featured

The Gist

• Overview of error-based learning (EBL) as applied to health professions education.
• Describes strategies that promote learning from errors, such as simulation and error logs, and suggests areas for future research.

Why This is a Must Read

Errors are inevitable in healthcare. This article presents evidence-based ways to create opportunities for EBL which allow for safe practice and enhanced learning.

The Gist

• Commentary on student satisfaction surveys in medical education and the problems they cause.
• Argues that student satisfaction does not measure educational quality, surveys create burden for students, and satisfaction measures should be replaced with programmatic approaches that include multisource and qualitative feedback.

Why This is a Must Read

Common practices need to be questioned. This article’s summary of the evidence undermining student satisfaction surveys can stimulate changes that appropriately recognize educational excellence and guide improvements.

The Gist

• Innovation description of an AI-based approach to recording learning during clinical teaching.
• Describes an AI-facilitated workflow that analyzes conversations to distinguish evidence-based from experience-based advice and to generate assessment items.

Why This is a Must Read

Learning from patient care is a unique opportunity, but it’s easy to miss key points. This article offers a model for using AI to make better use of clinical teaching experiences and to support self-directed learning.

The Gist

• Two-by-two factorial experiment comparing visual cueing in an instructional video and a mental arithmetic distraction for medical students learning ultrasound image interpretation.
• Cueing improved learning but was overwhelmed by the distraction.

Why This is a Must Read

There is a lot of cognitive interference in clinical settings that can make it difficult to focus on learning. This study suggests that even the best teaching practices may not work when learners are overcome by distractions.

The Gist

• Guide describing self-determination theory and how to apply it to managing emotions.
• Provides methods for teaching, program development, and evaluation that can support emotional development.

Why This is a Must Read

Emotions can be intense in medical education but are not typically addressed. This article offers an overarching framework and specific strategies that can inform education aimed at emotional awareness and regulation.

The Gist

• Overview of 3 generations of coaching as described in the sports psychology and business literature.
• The scope of coaching has been expanding from (1) improving learners’ skills, to (2) leveraging their personal strengths, to (3) helping them reflect on their values.

Why This is a Must Read

Coaching is in vogue in medical education, but what a coach is and does is not always clear. This article’s coaching models can make sure that individuals in a coaching role have the skills and use strategies that are best suited to learners’ needs.